Transarterial Embolization for Chronic Postsurgical or Posttraumatic Pain of Musculoskeletal Origin: Clinical Outcomes and Imaging Correlates

Chronic postsurgical or posttraumatic pain (CPSP) is a persistent pain condition lasting beyond three months after tissue injury, often associated with neuropathic features and pathological angiogenesis. This study investigated the feasibility, safety, and therapeutic potential of transarterial embolization (TAE) in patients with CPSP arising from prior musculoskeletal surgeries or interventions. Six patients with refractory pain and imaging evidence of abnormal neovascularization were retrospectively reviewed. TAE was performed using imipenem/cilastatin particles to selectively target pathological vasculature. Eleven procedures were conducted, achieving 100% technical and clinical success. Mean Numeric Rating Scale scores improved significantly from 7.8 at baseline to 1.3 at final follow-up (p < 0.001). No major adverse events occurred, and follow-up imaging demonstrated resolution of inflammation in selected cases. These results support the role of TAE as a minimally invasive treatment option for intervention-related CPSP involving the musculoskeletal system, and further prospective studies are warranted.