Leveraging Unstructured Data in Electronic Health Records to Detect Adverse Events from Pediatric Drug Use: A Scoping Review

Adverse drug events (ADEs) in pediatric populations pose significant public health challenges, yet research on their detection and monitoring remains limited. This scoping review evaluates the use of unstructured data from electronic health records (EHRs) to identify ADEs in children. We searched six databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, and IEEE Xplore, in September 2024. From 984 records, only nine studies met our inclusion criteria, indicating a significant gap in research toward identifying ADEs in children. We found that unstructured data in EHRs can indeed be of value and enhance pediatric pharmacovigilance, although their use has been so far very limited. Traditional natural language processing methods have been employed to extract ADEs, but the approaches utilized face challenges in generalizability and context interpretation. These challenges could be addressed with recent advances in transformer-based models and large language models, unlocking the use of EHR data at scale for pediatric pharmacovigilance.