Primary Endometrial Malt Lymphoma Presenting as Vaginal Discharge: A Case Report and Literature Review

Background: Primary endometrial marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT type), or EMZL, is an exceptionally rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). It arises from extranodal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and typically affects the stomach, salivary glands, thyroid, and lungs. Endometrial involvement is extremely uncommon, with only 25 cases reported in the English-language literature. Case Presentation: We report the case of a postmenopausal woman who presented with abnormal uterine bleeding and was diagnosed with primary endometrial MALT lymphoma. Imaging and histopathological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis. The patient underwent total hysterectomy, with no need for adjuvant therapy. Conclusion: This case illustrates a rare presentation of extranodal NHL in the female genital tract. Due to the scarcity of cases, there is no consensus on treatment or follow-up strategies. Reporting new cases is essential to improve clinical understanding and guide evidence-based management.