The article analyzes the concept of green fiscal policy, which involves the use of tax instruments to promote environmentally sustainable development, the history of implementation and the main principles of environmental taxation in European countries - Germany, Sweden, Denmark. Particular attention is paid to mechanisms for stimulating business and the population to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and switch to renewable energy sources. Various approaches to environmental taxation are studied, namely: the introduction of taxes on carbon emissions and the use of natural resources, as well as subsidy and tax rebate programs that promote the green transition. It is emphasized that Europe’s experience in implementing environmental taxes is an example for other countries striving for high environmental standards and sustainable development. It is emphasized that green taxation not only contributes to environmental protection, but also has a positive impact on the economy, namely: on employment, innovation and competitiveness, on stimulating the development of new technologies and creating jobs in the green sector of the economy. The issue of social justice in the context of environmental taxation is investigated, in particular the impact of taxes on different social groups of the population. Examples of successful projects that combine environmental goals with economic benefits are given, including the creation of new jobs in renewable energy and efficient use of resources. International agreements and initiatives (the Paris Agreement and the European Green Deal) aimed at promoting environmental taxation are analyzed, with significant attention paid to studying the contribution of international institutions to financing green projects, as well as the role of international organizations in assessing the effectiveness of environmental taxes. The analysis of the role of international cooperation in the implementation of green fiscal policy shows that coordination of efforts of various subjects of international law at the global level is an important aspect both for the successful implementation of green fiscal policy and in general for combating climate change and environmental protection.
Анісімова et al. (Tue,) studied this question.