A mobile application for managing children’s behavioral problems: Protocol for the development and pilot implementation using the ADDIE model (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Children often exhibit behavioral problems due to rapid developmental changes that can negatively affect their development as well as the quality of life of their families and the broader society. Positive parenting and parental self-efficacy(PSE) have been shown to mitigate behavioral problems. Mobile health solutions are emerging as an effective way to deliver parenting programs. OBJECTIVE We describe a protocol for developing and piloting a mobile application designed to enhance positive parenting and PSE in addressing children’s behavioral problems. METHODS The application development follows the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation model. Literature reviews, focus group interviews, and market research are conducted to identify evidence-based theoretical framework needs and goals. We design the application’s main features based on the theoretical framework. A beta version will be developed and evaluated through expert validation and small-scale user testing to gather feedback. Thereafter, a pilot test will be conducted with 20 caregivers. The application’s effects and usability will be assessed based on app usage data, questionnaires (including the System Usability Scale, Parental Sense of Competence Scale, and Eyeberg Child Behavior Inventory), and user interviews. RESULTS In the analysis phase, a total of 54 studies and 18 parenting-related mobile applications were reviewed, revealing that PSE is a core target for intervention and that few existing applications offer comprehensive, theory-based interventions. To address this gap, the proposed app was designed to integrate all four sources of Bandura’s self-efficacy theory—enactive mastery, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and physiological arousal—providing a uniquely targeted digital intervention. In the design phase, core functionalities were developed based on behavior change techniques aligned with the theoretical framework, including behavior tracking, peer support through user communities, positive feedback, and personalized education. The development phase is currently underway. A pilot study, scheduled for September 2025, will play a crucial role in evaluating the app’s feasibility, usability, and preliminary effectiveness, ensuring a robust testing process. CONCLUSIONS Through this application, we anticipate a significant enhancement in parents' PSE, equipping them with better tools to manage their children’s behavioral problems effectively.