The Role of the Mediterranean Diet in the Prevention and Management of Coronary Heart Disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in China and globally, and coronary heart disease, as a typical type, is closely related to dietary structure. Currently, the Mediterranean diet (MD) has attracted much attention for its potential in cardiovascular protection. Observational studies have shown that it is beneficial for CVD risk factors, but there is still a lack of rigorous experimental verification, and the long-term intervention effect and mechanism of action are not yet clear. This article analyzes the core components and characteristics of the MD, explores its biological mechanisms for intervening in coronary heart disease, reviews clinical research evidence and meta-analysis conclusions, and clarifies its significant potential in preventing and intervening in coronary heart disease. Research provides a basis for dietary management of coronary heart disease and helps develop personalized dietary intervention strategies. However, its promotion is limited by factors such as ingredients and genetics. In the future, further research is needed to optimize the plan, promote the translation of theory into practice, and provide more solid support for the prevention and control of CVDs.