Assessment of economic, environmental and social impacts in the implementation of solar energy in a university plant in the interior of Rio de Janeiro – Brazil

The growing demand for sustainable energy has led academic institutions to seek renewable sources, especially solar energy. This study evaluates the economic, environmental, and social impacts of implementing a solar energy system at a university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Using virtual simulations and financial analysis, including cost-benefit, ROI, and payback period calculations, the research assesses the viability of transitioning from conventional to solar energy. The simulation tools PVsyst and HOMER Energy modeled a system of 500 PV panels (175 kWp), projecting annual generation of 450,000 kWh — about 60% of the university’s energy needs. Financially, the investment of BRL 2.5 million is offset by projected annual savings of BRL 270,000, resulting in a payback period of 9 years, an NPV of BRL 1.8 million, and an ROI of 72% over 25 years. Environmentally, the system would prevent the emission of 126,000 kg of CO₂ annually. Surveys and interviews with staff and students indicated strong support, despite concerns about installation and maintenance. The study concludes that solar energy implementation is not only economically feasible but also contributes significantly to institutional sustainability goals. These findings can guide other educational institutions in similar initiatives and promote broader adoption of clean energy in Brazil.