Carbon Capture and Storage: An Optimal Solution to Nigeria's Energy Transition

Abstract Nigeria, a major oil and gas producer in Africa, faces the dual challenge of transitioning to a low-carbon energy system while ensuring energy security and economic stability. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) has been identified as a potential solution for managing industrial emissions and integrating renewable energy sources. This study examines the role of CCS in Nigeria's energy transition, focusing on its capacity to reduce emissions, improve energy efficiency, and facilitate the gradual shift to renewable energy. The analysis includes an evaluation of CCS technologies, policy frameworks, and case studies supported by data-driven simulations. Preliminary findings show that CCS can significantly lower emissions in sectors such as gas processing, petroleum refining, and other industries. The study also highlights opportunities to integrate CCS with renewable energy systems, such as solar and wind, to enable sustainable energy storage and reduce dependency on fossil fuels. However, the adoption of CCS in Nigeria is constrained by policy gaps, limited financial incentives, and inadequate regulatory support. The research identifies strategies for accelerating CCS implementation, including retrofitting existing facilities and using depleted oil and gas reservoirs for carbon storage. It also emphasizes the importance of aligning CCS with Nigeria's broader energy transition goals and global climate commitments. Simulations suggest that strategic investments in CCS could lower greenhouse gas emissions by up to 30% by 2035, while promoting economic diversification and creating jobs in clean energy sectors. This paper provides practical recommendations for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers. It highlights the importance of targeted policy reforms, increased investment, and international collaboration in advancing CCS technology. By framing CCS as a viable solution, the study underscores its potential to balance economic growth with environmental sustainability, contributing to Nigeria's decarbonization goals and a sustainable energy future.