Development of a Highly-Sensitive Bisphenol A Electrochemical Sensor Based on a Polydopamine Modified Highly-Stable Violet Phosphorene/Glassy Carbon Microspheres/Ionic Liquid Composite Electrode

Bisphenol A (BPA) shows reproductive disorders, genetic toxicity, neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and estrogenic effects, which can seriously damage the reproductive health and development of organisms. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish a sensitive and rapid method for detecting bisphenol A. A violet phosphorene/glassy carbon microspheres/ionic liquid composite electrode (VP-GCILPE) was constructed through a combination method. Then, dopamine was further electropolymerized onto the substrate electrode, and the obtained modified electrode (PDA/VP-GCILPE) provided a sensitive electrochemical sensing platform for BPA. The structure and surface morphology of violet phosphorene (VP) were evaluated using atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical performance of the sensor was characterized using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Under optimized conditions, the PDA/VP-GCILPE exhibited a good linear response in the range of 0.01 to 50 μM for BPA, with a detection limit of 2 nM. The modified electrode showed good selectivity, reproducibility, and stability. The proposed sensor was applied to detect BPA in plastic products with recoveries ranging from 97.00% to 107.00%.