A systematic review of surgical techniques for breast reduction in gigantomastia

Gigantomastia (GM) is a physical condition of the mammary glands characterized by excessive growth, manifested by a large size and volume exceeding the average breast size by 2 or more times in relation to the individual anthropometric indicators of the patient, which leads to a decline in quality of life, pain syndrome, hygiene disorders and dysmorphic perception. This systematic review was reported to international requirements. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). A comprehensive reference search was undertaken by two researchers PubMed, eLibrary, Google Scholar. The retrospective search was not limited, the date of the last request was October 31, 2024. Eight articles about surgical correction corresponded the set purpose, including the reduction mastopexy with free areola grafting and breast reduction operations with the transposition of the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) on parenchymal and dermal pedicle. Conclusion Gigantomastia is a pathological condition of the mammary glands characterized by a large size and volume, in which patients have physical and dysmorphic changes leading to a decrease in the quality of life. The choice of surgical technique for gigantomastia correction should be aimed at removing the maximum volume of the breast and correspond the safety criteria and prevention of negative consequence manifested by necrosis of the NAC. Perspective metods at removing a large volume of the breast and minimizing complications include breast reduction surgery with free areola transplantation and surgery using the lower pedicle.