Gentianaceae Family—Derived Bioactive Compounds—Therapeutic Values and Supporting Role in Inflammation and Detoxification

Herbs from the Gentianaceae family are widely known for their medicinal and pharmacological properties. They were used centuries ago as a part of traditional medicine in China and Tibet. This review aims to draw attention to the potential uses of gentian herbs in treating various diseases, including skin conditions, gastrointestinal and liver disorders, wound healing, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes. The aim of our study was to systematically summarize current knowledge about key bioactive compounds present in both roots and aerial parts—such as xanthones, iridoids, and flavonoids—and highlight their pharmacological significance. We also focused on the Gentianaceae family’s usage in complementary and alternative medicine, as well as their anti-inflammatory, anti-melanogenic, anti-ischemic, anti-fibrotic, and antioxidant properties, which can be utilized in the treatment and prevention of dermatological diseases, such as skin cancers. Here, we involve ethnomedicinal knowledge with modern pharmacological data; we also highlight the scientific relevance of gentian-derived compounds in drug development. This review concludes that these species represent a promising source of natural agents, while also underlining the need for further research and conservation strategies to preserve threatened species.