Emphasis on the In-Vivo & In-vitro Screening Models for the Evaluation of Disease Acting on Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder with cognitive impairment and pathological hallmarks. Alzheimer’s disease causes the brain to shrink and brain cells to eventually die. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia. Therapeutic interventions are challenging, and in vivo and in vitro screening models are valuable tools for evaluating drug candidates. These models evaluate cognitive performance, neuropathological changes, and molecular biomarkers, providing a comprehensive understanding of drug efficacy. In vivo models, like transgenic mouse models with Alzheimer's disease genetic mutations, allow researchers to study drug effects within a complex biological system, evaluating cognitive performance, neuropathological changes, and molecular biomarkers. In vitro models, like cell-based assays, neuronal cultures, and organoids, provide insights into drug mechanisms, toxicity profiles, and selectivity, and facilitate high-throughput screening for large compound libraries and potential lead molecules. The review article highlights the significance of in vivo and in vitro screening models in drug discovery and development, particularly in preclinical research for evaluating Alzheimer's disease drugs. In vivo and in vitro screening models for Alzheimer's disease drugs have significantly enhanced understanding and therapeutic interventions, aiding in screening compounds, assessing efficacy, and optimizing lead candidates for further research.