Innovative polymers for a sustainable future: extrusion of bio- and photo-degradable polymer films

The article addresses the global issue of environmental pollution caused by conventional polymer waste and explores innovative solutions using biodegradable and photodegradable polymers, including: polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalka-noates (PHA), and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT). These materials are capable of decomposing under the influence of natural factors such as moisture, oxygen, ultraviolet radiation, and microbial activity. The study focuses on the extrusion-blow molding process for producing environmentally friendly films from these polymers using a cascade disk-gear extruder. The structure of the extrusion line is described, including the disc plasticizer, screw mixing extruder, and gear metering pump.Optimal processing conditions were defined, namely: typical temperature ranges are 180–210 °C for PLA, 170–190 °C for PHA, and 190–220 °C for PBAT. The technological process also includes the precise formulation of the polymer blend, which incorporates various additives—such as plasticizers, stabilizers, antioxidants, and pigments—to enhance film perfor-mance and degradability. Particular attention is given to the role of stabilizers, considering the thermal and UV sensitivity of biodegradable polymers.In the article, relevance of international standards is emphasized, especially ISO 14851, which determines test methods for biodegradation of plastics in marine environments. Compliance with these standards is crucial for industrial implementa-tion of these materials. The research conducted at the Department of Machines and Apparatuses of Chemical and Petroleum-Refining Industries of Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute confirms the feasibility of applying biodegradable materials using existing industrial extrusion equipment with minimal modification.It is concluded in the study that development and industrial integration of bio- and photodegradable films represent a vital step toward sustainable packaging technologies. These materials offer significant ecological benefits and have the poten-tial to replace conventional plastics in multiple applications, supporting the global movement toward circular economy and environmental responsibility.