Circulating Micro RNAs as Diagnostic Signatures for Amyloid Beta Toxicity in Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common dementia type, is a progressive neurological condition. Early diagnosis of AD is necessary for effective disease management. However, the currently available diagnostic techniques lack sensitivity and are invasive. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small, non-coding RNAs that have attracted interest in several diseases as non-invasive and stable biomarkers. This review investigates the potential of circulating miRs as biomarkers for amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity, a major hallmark of AD. We extensively searched relevant literature on the Scopus database to highlight key circulating miRs implicated in Aβ toxicity and discuss their diagnostic and therapeutic implications. The results suggest that several circulating miRs, such as miR-9, miR-29c, miR-34a, miR-107, miR-125b, miR-135b, miR-138, miR-155, miR-193b, miR-195, miR-200c, miR-206, and miR-384, show potential as noninvasive biomarkers for Aβ accumulation and toxicity and hence, AD diagnosis/prognosis. However, further mechanistic studies and validation methods are required.