Blockchain (BC) technology has received significant research attention recently because it has decentralization, transparency, and reliable modification as its main distinguishing characteristics, which has made it a fundamental contribution to the development of applications such as cryptocurrencies, healthcare, Internet of Things (IoT) and other fields. IoT devices is envisioned to include billions of deployed mission-critical sensors and actuators connected to the Internet. This network of smart devices is expected to generate and access huge amounts of data, creating unique opportunities for new applications, but critical issues related to security and privacy in IoT environments arise simultaneously because these systems still lack strong security systems. Hence, there was an urgent need to focus on IoT security challenges and take countermeasures. Blockchain offers the advantage of working at both lower and higher levels of communication models, making it a convenient mechanism that can be used effectively across layers and domains. It provides many services such as privacy, security and reliability to systems that rely on it. This research includes a comprehensive analysis and review of blockchain technologies and solutions proposed in academia with methodologies that have been presented for integrating blockchain with IoT, exploring the contributions and challenges that have been included in the literature, also collecting and classifying the types of attacks and threats on IoT and BC. Finally, a framework was proposed that employs Blockchain technology and benefits from its advantages in solving the explored challenges and security problems in IoT systems because it currently provides the most reliable and secure structure file for developing Internet of Things systems by enabling Blockchain technology, consensus algorithm, data encryption and smart contracts to be the algorithm used in this research. Blockchain technology is popular and effective in securing IoT systems over time. In conclusion, this research demonstrates how the integration of BC with IoT can achieve promising results in enhancing the security and privacy within IoT environment.
Saleh et al. (Wed,) studied this question.