Introduction The functional independence of older adults, as measured by Activities of Daily Living (ADL), is influenced by various behavioral and socioeconomic factors. This study aims to explore these factors among older adults in Thanyaburi District, Pathum Thani Province, Thailand. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and above, selected via stratified random sampling. Data on behavioral factors (exercise frequency, dietary habits, health-seeking behavior) and socioeconomic variables (income, education) were collected. ADL performance was assessed using the Barthel ADL Index, with statistical analyses involving t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression. Results Significant differences in ADL scores were found across age groups (p = 0.047), marital status (p = 0.016), education levels (p < 0.001), and income brackets (p < 0.001). Regression analysis identified exercise frequency (B = 0.241, p < 0.001) as the strongest predictor of ADL scores. Higher income (B = 0.049, p = 0.002) and balanced dietary habits (B = 0.068, p = 0.052) also contributed positively to ADL performance. Minimal or non-significant effects were noted for age, gender, and marital status. Discussion The findings suggest that physical activity, higher income, and balanced dietary habits are key determinants of ADL performance among older adults. These results are consistent with existing research linking regular exercise and nutrition to improved functional independence. However, further research is needed to establish causal relationships and the long-term effectiveness of interventions targeting these factors. Conclusion Regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and higher income levels are strongly associated with better ADL performance in older adults. These findings underscore the importance of interventions promoting physical activity, nutrition, and financial well-being to support healthy aging and functional independence.
Tubklay et al. (Wed,) studied this question.