Alcohol Use and Environmental Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study Exploring Health Risks and Social Implications Among Migrant Workers

Background: Alcohol use poses significant health and social risks among migrant workers, yet limited research explores how various factors interact to shape its impact. Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed 610 Myanmar migrant workers in Thailand (Sep 2023–Mar 2024) using multi-stage random sampling. Paper-based questionnaires assessed alcohol-related outcomes, and generalized linear mixed models identified associated factors. Results: Among the participants, 38.20% reported a moderate level of impact from alcohol consumption (95% CI: 34.41–42.12), while 0.82% reported a high level of impact (95% CI: 0.34–1.95). Alcohol addiction significantly increased the likelihood of adverse health, family, and social outcomes (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.70 [1.61–1.79]). Rural workers were disproportionately affected compared to urban workers (6.52 [4.35–9.77]). The risk was also heightened by housing problems (5.00 [2.70–9.24]). Other significant covariates included poor sleep quality (2.09 [1.51–2.90]), moderate/poor health (2.11 [2.02–2.22]), longer work hours (2.39 [1.02–5.60]), daily work schedules (2.39 [1.64-3.49]), and strained co-worker relationships (1.89 [1.88–1.90]). Conclusions: Alcohol-related harms among migrant workers are shaped by environmental and occupational stressors. Primary care and community health systems should integrate screening, targeted health promotion, and culturally appropriate support services to reduce harm and promote well-being.