Asymmetric electronic band alignment and potentially enhanced thermoelectric properties in phase-separated Mg2X (X = Si,Ge,Sn) alloys

The Mg2X (X = Si, Ge, Sn) based alloy is an eco-friendly thermoelectric material for mid-temperature applications. The Mg2Si1−xSnx and Mg2Ge1−xSnx alloys can be phase-separated into Si(Ge)- and Sn-rich phases during material synthesis, leading to a nanocomposite with locally varying electronic band structures. First-principles calculations reveal that the valence band offset is eight-times larger than the conduction band offset at the interface between Si- and Sn-rich phases for x = 0.6, showing type I and asymmetric band alignment (0.092 vs 0.013 eV). Using the Boltzmann transport theory and thermionic emission calculations, we show that the large valence band energy discontinuity could allow for energy filtering effects to take place that can potentially increase the power factor substantially in the p-type material system if designed appropriately.