ABSTRACT This study provides an in‐depth analysis of HIV and TB coinfection through a mathematical framework based on nonlinear fractional differential equations in the Caputo sense. We perform stability analysis of the equilibrium points using fractional techniques and utilize sensitivity analysis to determine the key parameters that influence disease transmission and control. The findings highlight the importance of controlling transmission rates to effectively reduce the burden of coinfection. The dynamics of both single and coinfection are examined via a fractional optimal control approach. We introduce and evaluate three control strategies aimed at decreasing infection levels, demonstrating the potential to achieve near‐elimination. Comparing fractional and traditional models, we identify critical pathways for effective coinfection management. Our results provide valuable insights for policymakers to develop targeted interventions to lessen the impact of HIV and TB in affected communities.
Devi et al. (2025) studied this question.