Vegan Leather and Environmental Impact: Alternatives, Innovations, and a Case Study on Cactus Leather

This research examines the environmental implications of traditional animal leather and compares them with emerging plant-based alternatives specifically cactus-derived leather and kombucha SCOBY (bacterial cellulose) leather. Through an in-depth life cycle assessment (LCA) of Desserto’s cactus leather as a case study, the paper evaluates greenhouse gas emissions, water usage, biodegradability, and socio-economic implications. Additionally, we review kombucha-derived leather production methods and their mechanical suitability. Results indicate that cactus leather offers significant reductions in carbon footprint and water consumption, while SCOBY leather shows promise as a biodegradable biomaterial. We highlight challenges such as PU coatings, scalability, and durability and make recommendations for future research, policy interventions, and equitable implementation in sustainable fashion.