Foreign experience in public administration of trade activities

The article analyzes foreign experience in public administration of trade activities, including structures and policies that help ensure economic development and strengthen the national economy in the international arena. The study is devoted to the system of public administration of trade activities in countries such as the USA, China, Japan, as well as in the countries of the European Union - Germany and France. It was found that all countries direct their activities towards the economic growth of the country and satisfaction of consumer needs. It is noted that each of the countries considered, based on historical, political, economic and cultural development, has developed its own system of public administration of trade activities, which is based on building a free trade system and ensuring the competitiveness of its own products. The customs and tariff regulations of the above-mentioned countries were reviewed and analyzed. It was noted that the customs tariff is a tool that stimulates the production and export of products with high added value. Attention is drawn to the preferential system and tariff and non-tariff methods of regulating trade activities. Among non-tariff methods of trade policy, import and export licensing occupies an important place. It has been established that one of the most common forms of state influence on trade processes in the United States is the imposition of tariffs or taxes on foreign economic activity. In China, trade policy is implemented through tariff and non-tariff instruments. China’s customs tariff consists of RNS rates, negotiated tariff rates, special preferential tariff, general tariff rates, tariff quota rates and temporary duties. Among the non-tariff instruments of China’s trade policy, import and export licensing occupies an important place. In the countries of the European Union, the basis of public administration of trade policy is tariff regulation methods, which include customs duties, in particular the Common Customs Tariff. It has been determined that the international policies pursued by the United States, China, and Japan promote closer cooperation between the European Union and other international partners. It is emphasized that customs and tariff regulation in Ukraine has a main and significant difference from other countries of the world - an extensive commodity nomenclature, and it is important for Ukraine to harmonize its commodity nomenclature with the EU nomenclature. It was noted that in order to build an effective system of customs and tariff regulation in Ukraine, it is necessary to use the experience of Central European countries that have overcome similar problems in the formation of customs policy.