This research reveals the H-U-M-L stability in integro-differential systems, suggesting new methods for system analysis.
In this article, a novel type of equation, namely the Φ-Hilfer fractional-order integro-differential delay system (Φ-HFOIDDS), is proposed. Here, we study the existence and Hyers–Ulam–Mittag–Leffler (H-U-M-L) stability of the aforementioned equation which are obtained by using the multivariate Mittag–Leffler function, Banach contraction principle, and Picard operator method as well as generalized Gronwall inequality. Finally, we conclude this paper by constructing a suitable example to illustrate the applicability of the principal outcomes.
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Vivek et al. (2025) studied this question.
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