Arbitrary vector beam generation by mapping an object

Vector beams have been extensively studied in recent years owing to their versatile polarization distributions. However, it is difficult to generate a vector beam by mapping a real object without an explicit mathematical expression. Herein, we propose a method for generating arbitrary vector beams by combining the epicycle model with the higher-order and hybrid-order Poincaré sphere techniques. Simulation and experimental results show that the method effectively accomplishes the vector beam mapping of objects and polarization modulation. Furthermore, the beam quality is improved, and the degree of “vectorness” is quantitatively characterized. Consequently, arbitrary vector beams with a versatile polarization distribution are obtained. This is an alternative method for generating vector beams, with potential applications in 3D holography, optical manipulation, and material micro/nanoprocessing.