Ectoparasite species diversity and prevalence in pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) within delta central senatorial district, Delta State, Nigeria

This study assessed and documents the prevalence and species diversity of ectoparasites in pigs reared within Delta Central Senatorial District, Delta State, Nigeria. The study sampled pig farms and slaughter houses for a period of twelve (12) months. Seven hundred and forty one (741) pigs were examined by close inspection, parting of hair against natural direction and forceful detachment across knee, ears, thigh and under arms. Ectoparasites encountered were collected and stored in universal sample bottle and preserved using 70% alcohol. Morphological characterization and identification of ectoparasites was carried out using the standard guide. The result recorded 55.7% prevalence of ectoparasites in the study area. Six species of ectoparasites encountered and their prevalence include Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (27.2%), Cimex lectularis (20.9%), Hyalomma truncatum (18.3%), Amblyomma variegatum (14.6%), Necrobia violacea (11.7%) and Boophilus decoloratus (7.3%). Male recorded higher prevalence (67.1%) than female (32.9%). General prevalence of 515(64.5%) was recorded for rainy season while dry season recorded 283(35.5%) prevalence. From the results of ectoparasite abundance, local breed recorded significantly lower proportion of 89(11.6%) compared to exotic/hybrid which accounted for 709(88.4%). The results from this study affirms that ectoparasites are prevalent in pigs, which has the potential of causing mechanical and physical damages to pigs. Thus, the need for effective and prompt tackle the burden of ectoparasites in pigs in order to reduce and subsequently curb their negative effects is paramount to boost pork production.