Dynamically Adaptive Camouflage for Simultaneous Multispectral Stealth in Radar, Visible Light, and Infrared Light

Abstract Multispectral stealth is a critical technology for military and security applications. Conventional methods typically address stealth in only one or two spectral bands—radar, visible light, or infrared—thereby limiting their effectiveness against advanced detection systems. Here, we demonstrate for the first time an integrated, dynamically adaptive, single-device electrochromic system that simultaneously achieves stealth across radar, infrared, and visible spectra, surpassing traditional independent or discrete approaches in complexity, efficiency, and real-time tunability. Our novel multispectral stealth system employs a vertically integrated electrochromic device (ECD) that consolidates stealth functionality across all three spectral domains. Visible and infrared camouflage are achieved by dynamically controlling reflectance in real time through voltage-driven electrochromic tuning, based on the properties of ECD and the embedded indium tin oxide (ITO) layers. Additionally, radar camouflage is implemented via precisely patterned ITO structures embedded within the device, effectively suppressing electromagnetic wave reflections. To validate our approach, we conducted numerical simulations and experimental characterizations using an X-band waveguide, confirming robust and consistent multispectral stealth performance. This work represents a significant advancement in multispectral stealth technology by integrating radar, infrared, and visible light camouflage into a single, tunable platform.