Assessment of the Remineralization Potential of Boron Nitride Nanoparticles Versus Conventional Agents on Artificial Enamel Lesions

Objectives This study aimed to compare the effects of nano‐silver fluoride (SDF), casein phosphopeptide‐amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP‐ACPF), and boron nitride (BN) on the remineralization of artificial initial enamel lesions. Materials and Methods A total of 32 sound permanent maxillary incisor teeth were used in this study. Three 2 × 2 mm sections were obtained from each tooth. One section from each tooth remained untreated and was used as a control; the second section was demineralized and served as a demineralization control, while the third section was subjected to remineralization treatment following demineralization. The samples were randomly assigned to four groups, each containing eight teeth ( n = 8). The study groups were as follows: Group 1 (Control): Stored in artificial saliva for 2 weeks; Group 2: SDF‐treated group; Group 3: CPP‐ACPF‐treated group; Group 4: BN‐treated group. Following demineralization and remineralization treatments, the samples were evaluated using surface microhardness, surface roughness, SEM, SEM–EDX, and QLF tests. The obtained data were statistically analyzed. Results When the surface hardness of the samples was compared after demineralization and remineralization treatments, a statistically significant increase in surface hardness was observed in the SDF, CPP‐ACPF, and BN groups after remineralization applications ( p < 0.05). When the Ca and Ca/P ratios before and after remineralization treatments were compared, a statistically significant increase was observed in the CPP‐ACPF and BN groups, while a statistically significant decrease was observed in the SDF group ( p < 0.05). When surface roughness values were compared before and after remineralization treatments, a statistically significant increase was observed after demineralization ( p < 0.05); however, a statistically significant decrease in surface roughness was observed after the application of SDF, CPP‐ACPF, and BN to the demineralized samples ( p < 0.05). When the ΔF, ΔFmax, and ΔQ values were compared before and after remineralization, a statistically significant decrease was observed in all three groups (SDF, CPP‐ACPF, and BN) after remineralization treatments ( p < 0.05). Conclusion BN application appears to be promising in the remineralization of initial caries lesions. Clinical Significance Given their bioactivity, chemical stability, and potential antimicrobial properties, BN nanoparticles may offer a novel approach for enhancing enamel repair in non‐invasive caries management strategies.