Prevalence of Malnutrition in Hospitalized Patients: A Comprehensive Analysis of Risk Factors, Clinical Outcomes and Healthcare Implications

Hospital malnutrition is a significant concern in Pakistan, affecting patient outcomes and healthcare systems. It affects 20-50% of hospitalized patients and hospital diets may contribute to this issue. Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence of malnutrition in a hospital and its impact on patient outcomes. Study place and duration :The study was conducted at Jinnah post graduate medical centre from July 2024-December 2024.Methodology A cross-sectional study assessing nutritional status using Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), anthropometry and biochemical parameters. Patient outcomes, including length of stay, mortality rate and readmissions were also evaluated. Results: The study included 181 patients with a median age of 71.6 years and 51.2% were women. According to Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) results, 37.8% were well-nourished, 50.2% were at nutritional risk and 11.9% were malnourished. Malnutrition prevalence was higher in oncology-hematology and medical wards (80.0% and 70.5%) compared to surgical wards (52.4%). Poor nutritional status was associated with longer hospital stays. Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition in the hospital was high, particularly in medical services, and doubled the length of stay.