An Appraisal On Diclofenac and Its Undesirable Effects: From Pain Relief to Systemic Damage

Diclofenac which is mostly used for pain relief comes under the category of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug [NSAID]having the properties of antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory. It is efficient in inhibiting the prostaglandin synthesis through blockade cyclooxygenase [COX]. It is mainly used to treat pain of mild to moderate and also used in rheumatic diseases. Though it is proficient in treating the pain it is having expeditious adverse effects. These adverse effects show a major effect on the prominent organs like Heart, Liver, GI etc. These undesirable effects can be marked when the diclofenac is used irrationally like GI bleeding, ulceration. In addition to the gastrointestinal problems of ulcers, bleeding, and perforation that arise from unsupervised intake, excessive dosage increases cardiovascular toxicity and the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. Improper or excessive use can lead to severe organ damage, emphasizing the importance of careful medical oversight when prescribing Diclofenac. Nevertheless, a wealth of research data indicates that diclofenac's pharmacologic effect involves multimodal and, in certain cases, new modes of action in addition to COX inhibition that proves to severe undesirable effects. The negative effects of Diclofenac abuse are critically examined in this study, emphasizing the pressing need for stronger prescribing guidelines, improved regulatory monitoring, and more patient education. To reduce avoidable injury and guarantee safer analgesic usage in clinical practice, these issues must be addressed. Additionally, supporting pharmacovigilance, restricting over-the counter availability, and promoting evidence-based guidelines can all be crucial in reducing the hazards associated with its irrational use.