Planckian Quantization to Superconductivity: A Two-Step Path

High-temperature superconductivity remains a key challenge in modern physics. This study identifies its superconducting state as the Planckian ground state and proposes a gluon-free electron-hole pairing theory of superconductivity based on symmetry breaking of localized electrons in polyhedral quantum wells. Unlike conventional direct metal-to-superconductor transitions, we clarify the nature of the order parameter and reveal a two-step pathway: an internal temperature-induced metal-insulator transition, followed by an electric-field-driven insulator-to-superconductor transition. The analytically derived, crystal-structure-determined formula \( T_c = λ/ξ^2 \) accurately predicts Tc for all cuprate and iron-based superconductors. It uniformly resolves puzzles: \( 4 × 4 \) nematic phase, 1/8 anomaly, pseudogap-superconductivity competition, linear pseudogap decay with hole doping, and strange-metal linear resistivity. Our results yield a universal cuprate phase diagram, matching experiments and advancing the unified theory of strongly correlated many-body systems.