Prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity among mining workers of Odisha, India: a cross-sectional study

Introduction Multimorbidity is an emerging public health challenge in India due to rapid industrialization, urbanization and an aging population. Multimorbidity often impacts occupational outcomes, including work-related stress, job loss, absenteeism, and reduced years of service. Odisha, an eastern state of India, is a major mining state with a large workforce exposed to occupational physical and mental stress, and toxic waste. We determined prevalence of multimorbidity and assessed its correlates among mining workers in the Odisha, India. Additionally, we assessed the most common patterns of chronic conditions in this group. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 425 mining workers aged ≥18 years in Sukinda, Odisha, from January to July 2022. Participants were recruited using systematic random sampling. A pre-validated multimorbidity Assessment Questionnaire for Primary Care was used for face to face interviews following standardized protocols. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed associations between multimorbidity and socio-demographic characteristics. A matrix analysis identified common dyads and triads of chronic conditions. Results The overall prevalence of multimorbidity was 37.41%. The most common dyad was acid peptic disease + chronic backache (10.06%), while the most frequent triad was acid peptic disease + chronic backache + chronic chest pain (1.89%). Irregular exercise [AOR: 4.66 (95% CI: 1.74–12.49)], and longer service in the mining industry (31–40 years) [AOR: 8.05 (95% CI: 1.91–33.86)] were significantly associated with multimorbidity. Conclusion The high prevalence of multimorbidity among mining workers highlights the urgent need for workplace health policies and/or interventions prioritizing ergonomic improvements, chronic disease management, and routine health screenings.