This analysis shows that integrating renewable energy enhances DC bus voltage stability in heavy rail systems, suggesting cost savings with PV sources.
This study proposes a modern architecture for heavy railway systems that integrates renewable energy from photovoltaic arrays. This study introduces a transformation of the existing 12-pulse diode rectifier circuit in traditional power distribution systems into a bidirectional voltage source converter that regulates the direct current (DC) bus voltage. When the DC bus is constant, it can connect with solar energy sources, including the maximum power point tracker, under varying irradiance conditions. The PI controller parameters were designed using basic control system theory based on a time-invariant mathematical model. The simulation results demonstrate the system’s capability to maintain DC bus voltage despite load variations while achieving maximum power from the photovoltaic (PV) arrays. Furthermore, this study presents an assessment highlighting the cost savings associated with renewable energy sources from PV arrays in the proposed system.
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Pakdeeto et al. (2025) studied this question.
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