A Review of Control Strategies for Three-Axis Turntables

This paper provides a review of the modeling methods and control strategies for three-axis turntables, focusing on the application requirements and technical challenges in inertial navigation, aircraft attitude simulation, and electro-optical tracking. It begins with an introduction to the kinematic and dynamic modeling of the system and the multi-axis coupling characteristics, which lay the foundation for controller design. Subsequently, it evaluates the principles, advantages, disadvantages, and applicable scenarios of traditional PID control, robust control (H∞ and sliding mode), intelligent control (fuzzy and neural networks), and active disturbance rejection control (ADRC). Finally, it summarizes the current research advancements and shortcomings in accuracy, robustness, and real-time performance, and proposes future development directions such as adaptive intelligence, multi-model fusion, hardware-algorithm collaboration, and multi-source information integration. The main contribution of this paper is the establishment of a systematic comparative framework for three-axis turntable control strategies, clearly indicating that interdisciplinary technology integration is a key pathway to enhancing overall performance.