Analytical study of higher-order nonlinear effects on the steady-state optical solitons in optical fiber filled with cold atomic gases

This paper investigates the stability of higher-order nonlinear optical systems using cold atomic gases. We explore the behavior of optical solitons in such systems by analyzing the Schrödinger equation (NLSE) and its third-(cubic) and fifth-order(quintic) nonlinear effects. Firstly, we solve the travelling wave solutions of bright solitons in the third-order nonlinear regime by the F-expansion method. We then consider the fifth-order nonlinear case to compare and analyze the important influence of higher-order effects on the soliton morphology and stability. Finally, we analyze the stability of bright solitons in the resulting fiber system. We find that higher-order effects play a critical role in maintaining the long-distance transport of solitons. This study definitively guides experimental studies of steady-state optical soliton teleportation in fiber-optic systems containing higher-order nonlinear interactions.