Investigation reveals optimal adsorption of Fe2+ and Mn2+ in biochar derived from municipal sludge at 600 °C, indicating promising remediation potential.
In response to the growing issue of iron and manganese pollution in water bodies, this study systematically investigated the adsorption performance of municipal sludge-derived biochar prepared at pyrolysis temperatures ranging from 300 to 700 °C for the removal of Fe2+ and Mn2+. Among the series of adsorbents (BC300–BC700), BC600—with its well-developed pore structure and high specific surface area—exhibited the best adsorption performance for both metal ions. Kinetic and isothermal adsorption experiments, in combination with XPS characterization, collectively revealed that (1) the adsorption mechanisms of Fe and Mn differ markedly, with Fe adsorption primarily governed by physical interactions, whereas Mn adsorption is largely controlled by chemical processes; (2) Fe2+ adsorption occurs mainly via electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding; and (3) Mn2+ forms carbonate precipitates with C=O groups during redox reactions. Thermodynamic analysis further indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Moreover, BC600 demonstrated excellent reusability for Fe adsorption across different water matrices, maintaining efficiencies above 95% after five cycles, although the adsorption performance for Mn declined. This study provides theoretical support for the application of sludge-derived biochar as a cost-effective and efficient adsorbent for metal ion remediation.
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Yang et al. (2025) studied this question.
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