Psychometric Properties of the Short-Form State Self-Esteem Scale (SSES-S) Among Turkish Adolescents: Reliability, Validity, and Multi-Group IRT Analysis

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The Short-Form State Self-Esteem Scale shows acceptable reliability and validity across genders, validating its three-factor structure.
Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis corroborated that internal consistency is high, confirming the three domains of self-esteem assessed by the scale.
Multi-group item response theory revealed differences in item discrimination across sex, indicating variability in how boys and girls perceive self-esteem items.
Differential item functioning suggests potential biases in item performance, indicating a need for future item-level refinement and cross-cultural considerations.

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Multi-group item response theory highlights reliability and validity of the SSES-S in Turkish adolescents, suggesting the need for item refinement.

Kurnaz et al. (2025) studied this question.

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Multi-group item response theory highlights reliability and validity of the SSES-S in Turkish adolescents, suggesting the need for item refinement.