Statistical analysis of residual chlorine distribution in Binh Tan District’s water network: insights for urban water management

This study examined the water distribution system in Binh Tan District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, focusing on residual chlorine levels across seven sampling points. Chlorine decay patterns and relationships between sampling points were investigated using statistical analyses, including reliability testing, correlation analysis, factor analysis and regression modelling. The study identified three principal components that explained 92.558% of the total variance, with strong correlations between specific sampling points. Five regression models were developed, which demonstrated high predictive power ( R ² ranging from 0.750 to 0.962) and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha 0.749–0.967). Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed distinct groupings of sampling points, providing insight into the spatial patterns of chlorine distribution. These findings not only provide insights into water quality management but also offer a transferable modelling framework for optimizing monitoring and chlorination strategies in other urban distribution systems.