This article defines assessment and outcomes in leadership education, suggesting metrics to improve learning interventions.
In this article, we discuss the need for the field of leadership education (LE) to employ detailed outcomes for assessing its learning interventions, along with rigorous metrics in which to measure such outcomes. We define assessment, outcomes, and metrics, and provide numerous examples of how each can be built and improved upon across a variety of leadership programs and courses. Lastly, we provide a number of specific methodological suggestions for leadership educators to consider implementing in their programs that represent quality practices in assessing leadership learning and leader development.
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Hastings et al. (2025) studied this question.
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