Progress in stem cells mitochondrial proteomics research: A review

This review summarizes the latest advancements in stem cell (SC) mitochondrial proteomics. With the rapid development of biotechnology, mitochondrial proteomics has emerged as a pivotal area in SC research. The research methods used in mitochondrial proteomics include mass spectrometry (MS), with pre-MS sample processing, MS data acquisition employing both qualitative and quantitative approaches, and bioinformatics analysis to annotate and explore protein functions. In recent years, mitochondrial proteomics research has contributed to the establishment and expansion of our understanding of the roles of various mitochondrial proteins involved in regulating SC differentiation, metabolism and aging, including Drp1, Mfn1/2, OPA1, SIRT3, Bcl-2, YME1L, and PGC-1α. This multidisciplinary approach, combining qualitative and quantitative proteomics with bioinformatics, sheds light on the intricate regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial proteins in SC. These findings provide a scientific basis for developing novel therapeutic targets and strategies, thereby advancing the field of regenerative medicine and personalized treatment paradigms.