In operando EPR and NMR cell for correlative characterisation of battery electrodes

The spectroscopic electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods individually play an important role in unravelling operation and degradation mechanisms of batteries. As the methods probe complementary spin information, the correlation of both methods promises to enhance the knowledge gained about the battery cell, as demonstrated for lithiated graphite. So far, in operando cells were developed for both methods individually. We present an in operando battery cell that successfully works in both EPR and NMR instruments, enabling correlative experiments. The cell is demonstrated in a full-cell battery configuration. The design employs metal sheets as current collectors, closely mimicking a real battery. We present in operando cycling of a LiCoO2 (LCO) vs graphite battery with electrode components from a disassembled commercial battery.