On the use of technogenic raw materials in chemical cement technology

The article addresses the integrated solution of ecological, resource-saving, and mineral binder technology issues. The possibility of producing cement clinker using large-tonnage waste from the agro-industrial sector and non-ferrous metallurgy as technogenic raw materials was studied. With the help of the "Clinker" computer program, the composition and content of these wastes in the raw material mixture were calculated and analyzed based on specified clinker characteristics. New raw material compositions within the "chalk–rice husk–red mud" system were developed, incorporating 54–59 wt.% of the mentioned wastes. It was experimentally confirmed that medium-strength cement can be produced from such mixtures, and the setting properties can be adjusted from normal to rapid-hardening by varying the ratio of rice husk to red mud. Additionally, the relationship between cement properties and clinker composition, particularly the formation of crystalline phases of aluminates, aluminosilicates, and calcium silicates, was demonstrated.