Morphofunctional status of the ovaries and endometrium in patients with mature cystic ovarian teratomas before and after organ-preserving surgery

Mature cystic teratomas (MCTs) are currently one of the most common benign ovarian tumors in reproductive-aged women. The presence of tumors and their subsequent surgical removal is often accompanied by diminished ovarian reserve and mediated alterations in endometrial receptivity. Objective. To study the morphofunctional status of the ovaries and endometrium in reproductive-aged patients before and after organ-preserving surgery for MCTs. Patients and methods. A total of 60 patients with MCTs were examined before and 6–12 months after surgery. Twodimensional (2D) ultrasound was used to determine the volume of healthy ovarian tissue and the number of antral follicles, their diameter, location and shape, as well as thickness and structure of the endometrium, qualitative indicators of uterine artery hemodynamics. Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound was used to measure the volume and volumetric flow indices in the endometrium and sub-endometrium. Pathomorphological analysis included assessment of the number and maturity of pinopodes, expression levels of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the endometrial glands and stroma. Results. Markers of ovarian and endometrial status did not differ from the preoperative population; changes were noted only in the presence of large-diameter MCTs in the hilum of the ovary. Postoperative monitoring revealed persistent abnormalities of the studied parameters, which were retained by a year after surgery. Conclusion. Complex 2D/3D pelvic ultrasound combined with pathomorphological diagnostics is the most reliable method to assess ovarian and endometrial dysfunction.