Clinical outcomes of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms in Taiwan: A multicenter registry study—TCOG T1214 study

Background Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP‐NENs) account for more than 50% of all NENs. The survival of patients with GEP‐NENs has improved based on early diagnosis and improved treatment strategies. The real‐world data of GEP‐NENs in Taiwan are limited. A multicenter registry study was conducted to obtain real‐world data on GEP‐NENs in Taiwan. Methods Patients with pathologically diagnosed GEP‐NENs were enrolled. Data were on the baseline characteristics, treatment strategies, and patient survival. Also evaluated was the expression status of six biomarkers, including SSTR2, SSTR5, PDX‐1, CDX‐2, mASH1, and NeuroD, in tumors. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed and plotted via the Kaplan–Meier method. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the prognostic factors of OS. Results A total of 600 GEP‐NEN patients were enrolled. Pancreatic NENs accounted for 43.0% of all patients. The 5‐year and 10‐year OS rates of all patients were 70.9% and 61.3%, respectively. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, older age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01–1.03), higher Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score, higher tumor grade (World Health Organization classification) and stage 4 disease (HR = 6.22; 95% CI, 3.60–10.76) were associated with poor OS. Positive SSTR2 expression (HR = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.31–0.91) was associated with better OS according to multivariate Cox regression analysis. Conclusions This study provides real‐world data on 600 GEP‐NENs in Taiwan and identifies age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score, tumor grade, tumor stage, and SSTR2 expression as prognostic factors for the survival of GEP‐NENs.