Optimization and characterization of biochar yields from pyrolysis of coconut shell for sustainable waste-driven bioenergy transformation

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Hybrid model improves biochar yield prediction in coconut shell pyrolysis, suggesting efficiency in renewable energy production.

Optimal biochar yield of 47.2 wt.% was achieved at a temperature of 348.6 °C, indicating effective biomass transformation.
Performance of hybrid models PSO-ANFIS and GA-ANFIS surpassed traditional methods, reducing prediction error by over 15%.
Analysis included Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirming biochar's catalytic potential and adsorption capabilities.
Porous structure observed via SEM enhances biochar's functionality for energy storage and soil improvement applications.

Onokwai et al. (2025) studied this question.

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