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August 20, 2025BioelectromagneticsOpen Access

5G RF EMF Spectral Exposure Assessment in Four European Countries

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Authors

KDKenneth DeprezBSBram StroobandtAVAdriana Fernandes Veludo

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Overview

Exposure assessment finds 5G power density met ICNIRP guidelines, revealing urban-rural differences in measurements.

Key Points

  • The maximum cumulative incident power density for 5G reached 23.3 mW/m2, well within safety guidelines.
  • In urban areas, the power density was significantly higher compared to rural areas, with a difference of up to 10.4 dB.
  • Measurements were conducted across Belgium, Switzerland, Hungary, and Poland, totaling 146 sites in 2023.
  • Educational institutions showed similar exposure levels to public spaces, indicating no significant difference around schools.

Cite This Study

Deprez et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68af4cebad7bf08b1ead6f42https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.70019
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Also Consider

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  1. 1RF-EMF bystander exposure in the 5G era measured across various microenvironments in Greece2026 · 1 citations
  2. 2Personal Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure Among Swiss Adolescents in the 5G Era2026
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  4. 4Dual Evaluation and Spatial Analysis of RF‐EMF Exposure in 5G: Theoretical Extrapolations and Direct Measurements2025 · 5 citations
  5. 5Comparative Study of RF Electromagnetic Field Exposure Standards2024