Cold Start Emission Reduction: A Simulation Study of with and without Electric Heater in a Catalytic Converter

Abstract This study examines the significant contribution of cold start emissions to overall vehicle emissions due to the reduced effectiveness of catalytic converters at lower temperatures. A simulation-based comparison is conducted between a standard catalytic converter and an electric heater-assisted catalytic converter under cold start conditions. The electric heater accelerates the warm-up phase, allowing the catalytic converter to reach its optimal operating temperature more quickly, thereby reducing harmful emissions. The simulation evaluates key parameters such as (i) warm-up time, (ii) emission levels of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and unburned hydrocarbons (HCs), and (iii) energy efficiency. Results demonstrate the potential of heater-assisted catalytic converters significantly reduce cold start emissions as compared to conventional systems. This approach suggests a promising solution to enhance vehicle emission reduction, particularly in urban environments with frequent cold starts. The heater-assisted catalytic converter achieved a 40% reduction in CO emissions and a 15% drop in pressure across the catalyst during cold starts. It reached light-off temperature in under 30 seconds, enabling faster and more efficient pollutant conversion. These improvements support better emission control, engine performance, and compliance with Euro 7 standards.