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August 20, 2025Open Access

A Dynamic Railway-Economy Causality Framework (DRECF): Examining the Relationship Between Railway Transportation and National Economic Development

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Causality framework reveals how railway transportation impacts economic growth, suggesting vital investment areas.

Bidirectional causality exists between railway mileage and national economic development, impacting growth strategies.
Analysis of China's railway system shows that passenger and freight turnover significantly influence economic performance.
The Dynamic Railway-Economy Causality Framework utilizes Granger causality testing to assess these relationships effectively.
Findings highlight the importance of understanding stage-dependent variations in railway's economic contributions.

Zheng et al. (2025) studied this question.

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