Human Papillomavirus, Deregulated Micro Ribonucleic Acids, and Long Non-coding Ribonucleic Acids in Cervical Cancer Patients: A Review Study

Cervical cancer (CC) ranks fourth in incidence and is one of the most serious global health problems. Infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (hrHPV), including types 16 and 18, plays a significant role in the occurrence of this type of cancer. Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential in various cellular processes. The effect of changes in the expression of these oligonucleotides on carcinogenesis has been confirmed in many research studies. Therefore, investigating the differential expression of miRNAs and lncRNAs in cancer biology is a useful method for early detection of precancerous lesions. This research aimed to review the current knowledge on the correlation between HPV infections, dysregulation of miRNAs, and lncRNAs in CC patients. The required data were searched and collected by entering relevant keywords in scientific databases, such as the National Center for Biotechnology Information, ScienceDirect, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Articles related to HPV infections, dysregulation of miRNAs, and lncRNAs in CC were selected for review and study. Based on our findings, various alterations and deregulation of expression profiles in miRNAs and lncRNAs by comparing healthy people and patients were reported regarding CC. Furthermore, it was found that persistent infection with HPV affects miRNA and lncRNA expression patterns. E6 and E7 oncoproteins of HPV are the two main proteins in cervical carcinogenesis. This search highlighted 43 deregulated miRNAs and 37 deregulated lncRNAs. By further analyzing and identifying the exact mechanism of function and the relationship between HPV oncoproteins and the expression changes, it is possible to achieve great goals in the field of early diagnosis and treatment of CC.