Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Axial Compression Performance in Short Base Upright Profiles for Steel Storage Racks

This study investigates the axial compression behavior of short base upright profiles used in industrial steel pallet racks through a combined experimental and numerical approach. Five specimens, each 340 mm high with a 85×52 mm cross-section, made of S355J2C steel, were tested under axial loading using double-hinged boundary conditions to replicate realistic support scenarios. The experimental tests revealed a maximum load of 209 kN, with failure initiating at approximately 181 kN due to local buckling concentrated near perforations. A finite element model (FEM), developed in Ansys 2021 R1 using solid elements and calibrated material properties, successfully reproduced the observed structural response, including buckling behavior and post-peak softening. The comparison between experimental and numerical results demonstrated a good agreement in terms of stiffness, load capacity, and deformation patterns. The findings highlight the critical role of local buckling in the structural performance of perforated cold-formed steel profiles. The validated FEM model offers a practical and reliable tool for future parametric studies and design optimization, contributing to safer and more efficient storage rack systems.