Gram-Negative Uropathogens in Diabetic Patients: A Study of Ampicillinase Cephalosporinase, Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases, and Metallo Beta-Lactamases Producing Phenotypes

A BSTRACT Aim: This study aimed to identify Gram-negative uropathogens (GN-UP)-producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), metallo-beta-lactamases (MBL), and AmpC enzymes in diabetic patients and to analyze their antibiotic resistance profiles. Materials and Methods: Urine samples were cultured, and isolates were tested using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: E. coli (43%) was the most common isolate, followed by Klebsiella spp. (25%). Among GN-UP, 13.26% were ESBL producers, 63.26% MBL producers, and 17.34% AmpC producers. MBL-producing isolates showed lower resistance to fosfomycin (22.58%), tigecycline (32.25%), and nitrofurantoin (33.87%). The high prevalence of MBL, ESBL, and AmpC producers in diabetic urinary tract infection (UTI) patients complicates effective antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: These findings underscore the need for regular antimicrobial surveillance and tailored treatment strategies in this vulnerable group.