Non-Metallic Mineral and Rock Mining Policy Within Metallic Mineral Concession Areas: Analysis and Strategic Recommendations

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Qualitative policy analysis reveals unauthorized nickel extraction in Indonesia, indicating significant state revenue loss and environmental risks.

Unauthorized nickel extraction could cause state revenue losses of IDR 22.8-45.5 trillion annually, and significantly harm environmental integrity.
Findings show that 5%-10% of nickel extraction is unauthorized under non-metallic mineral permits, exposing regulatory weaknesses.
Qualitative policy analysis incorporated geological assessments and economic modeling to evaluate the impacts of current mining practices.
Proposed interventions aim to enhance mineral governance and support sustainable development amid Indonesia's evolving mining landscape.

Jumbadi Jumbadi (2025) studied this question.

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Qualitative policy analysis reveals unauthorized nickel extraction in Indonesia, indicating significant state revenue loss and environmental risks.